Invasive Alien Species - Additional external resources

The resources listed here, although hosted on external websites, were either produced by IUCN, or completed with the oversight of IUCN, and provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on the ways to prevent, manage and mitigate the impacts of IAS.

IUCN provides technical and scientific support to the European Commission for implementation of the EU Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Regulation (No. 1143/2014). The outputs listed below have been produced with the aim of supporting the application of the IAS Regulation across EU Member States, with a particular focus on the 88 species of Union concern. See here for an infographic on the EC IAS Regulation.

1: Materials to aid the identification, surveillance and management of IAS in the EU.

Title (with link to document)	Year produced
An introduction to the IAS of Union concern	2022
An introduction to the EU Regulation o n IAS	2022
High resolution illustrations: IAS of Union concern (Use authorised provided source is acknowledged, © European Commission, Artist: Massimiliano Lipperi)	2022
Identification guide of IAS of Union concern (A. tristis, A. triangulatus, G. spilanthoides, S. molesta, A. saligna)	2020
Identification of IAS of Union concern during customs controls (A. philoxeroides, C. erythraeus, G. tinctoria, Myriophyllum spp., O. limosus, P. setaceum, P. fallax f. virginalis, S. carolinensis, T. sibericus)	2020
Identification of IAS of Union concern in the field (M. coypus, Myriophyllum spp., O. zibethicus, crayfish spp.)	2020
Identification of Xenopus laevis and Lampropeltis getula	2023
Managing IAS to protect wild pollinators	2020
Managing IAS to protect wild pollinators (factsheet)	2020
Invasive alien plants most harmful to pollinators in the EU and their management focusing on non-chemical methods	2023
Surveillance guidelines for IAS in the marine environment	2023
High resolution illustrations: Surveillance of marine IAS (Use authorised provided source is acknowledged, © European Commission, Artist: Massimiliano Lipperi)	2023
Management Options for Marine IAS	2022

2: Notes on the management (measures and costs) for invasive alien animal species in the EU. Species not listed as of Union concern are marked with an asterisk*.

Management notes for invasive alien animal species
Species (with link to note)	Common name	Version	Year produced
Acridotheres tristis	Common myna	Short	2017
Alopochen aegyptiaca	Egyptian goose	Full	2017
Ameiurus melas	Black bullhead	Short	2019
Axis axis	Axis deer/chital	Short	2019
Castor canadensis*	American beaver	Full	2021
Channa argus	Northern snakehead	Short	2019
Channa spp.	Northern snakehead	Full	2017
Corvus splendens	Indian house crow	Full	2019
Eriocheir sinensis	Chinese mitten crab	Full	2019
Faxonius, Procambarus, Pacifastacus spp.	Marbled, Red swamp, Rusty, Signal, Spinycheek and Virile crayfish	Full	2019
Flatworms including Arthurdendyus triangulatus	New Zealand, Obama, New Guinea and Shovel-headed flatworms	Full	2023
Gambusia spp.	Eastern & Western Gambusia	Full	2022
Hemigrapsus sanguineus*	Asian shore crab	Full	2019
Invasive alien snakes including Lampropeltis getula	Multiple invasive alien snake species	Full	2023
Lepomis gibbosus	Pumpkinseed	Full	2017
Limnoperna fortunei	Golden mussel	Short	2017
Lithobates catesbeianus	American bullfrog	Full	2019
Morone americana	White perch	Short	2018
Nasua nasua	Coati	Full	2019
Neovison vison*	American mink	Full	2017
Nyctereutes procyonoides	Raccoon dog	Full	2017
Ondatra zibethicus	Muskrat	Full	2017
Perccottus glenii	Amur sleeper	Full	2019
Perna viridis*	Asian green mussel	Short	2018
Pheretimoid earthworms (Jumping worms)*	Primarily Amynthas spp. (also Metaphire, Pheretima, Pithemera and Polypheretima	Full	2023
Pseudorasbora parva	Stone moroko	Full	2019
Pterois miles: Produced by the RELIONMED-LIFE project*	Common lionfish	Full	2020
Pycnonotus cafer	Red-vented bulbul	Short	2019
Rapana venosa*	Rapana whelk	Full	2019
Schizoporella japonica*	Orange ripple bryozoan	Short	2019
Solenopsis spp.	Tropical fire ant, Red imported fire ant, Black imported fire ant	Full	2022
Threskiornis aethiopicus	Sacred ibis	Full	2019
Trachemys scripta	Pond slider	Full	2019
Trichosurus vulpecula*	Common brushtail possum	Short	2017
Vespa velutina nigrithorax	Asian hornet	Full	2019
Wasmannia auropunctata	Little fire ant	Full	2022
Xenopus laevis	African clawed frog	Short	2018

3: Notes on the management (measures and costs) for invasive alien plant species in the EU. Species not listed as of Union concern are marked with an asterisk*.

Management notes for invasive alien plant species
Species (with link to note)	Common name	Version	Year produced
Acacia saligna	Golden wreath rattle	Full	2018
Ailanthus altissima	Tree of Heaven	Full	2017
Alternanthera philoxeroides	Alligator weed	Full	2017
Ambrosia confertiflora*	Burr ragweed	Full	2018
Andropogon virginicus	Broomsedge bluestem	Full	2018
Asclepias syriaca	Common milkweed	Full	2017
Baccharis halimifolia	Eastern baccharis	Full	2019
Cabomba caroliniana	Fanwort	Full	2019
Cardiospermum grandiflorum	Balloon vine	Full	2017
Celastrus orbiculatus	Oriental bittersweet	Full	2021
Cinnamomum camphora*	Camphor tree	Full	2017
Cortaderia jubata	Purple pampas grass	Full	2018
Ehrharta calycina	Perennial veldt grass	Full	2018
Eichhornia (Pontederia) crassipes	Water hyacinth	Full	2019
Elodea nuttallii	Nuttall’s waterweed	Full	2017
Gunnera tinctoria	Chilean rhubarb	Full	2017
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides	Senegal tea plant	Full	2017
Hakea sericea	Silky hakea	Full	2018
Heracleum spp.	Giant, Persian and Sosnowsky’s hogweed	Full	2019
Humulus scandens	Japanese hop	Full	2018
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides	Floating pennywort	Full	2019
Hygrophila polysperma*	Indian swampweed	Full	2017
Impatiens glandulifera	Himalayan balsam	Full	2017
Lagarosiphon major	Curly waterweed	Full	2019
Lespedeza cuneata	Chinese bushclover	Full	2018
Ludwigia spp.	Water primrose & floating primrose willow	Full	2019
Lygodium japonicum	Vine-like fern	Full	2018
Lysichiton americanus	American skunk cabbage	Full	2019
Microstegium vimineum	Japanese stiltgrass	Full	2017
Myriophyllum heterophyllum	Broadleaf watermilfoil	Full	2017
Myriophyllum spp.	Broadleaf watermilfoil & parrot’s feather	Full	2019
Parthenium hysterophorus	Whitetop weed	Full	2019
Pennisetum setaceum	Fountain grass	Full	2017
Persicaria perfoliata	Asiatic tearthumb	Full	2019
Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	Full	2017
Prosopis juliflora	Mesquite	Full	2018
Pueraria montana var. lobata	Kudzu vine	Full	2019
Rugulopteryx okamurae	Okamura’s brown alga	Full	2020
Salvinia molesta	Salvinia moss	Full	2017
Triadica sebifera	Chinese tallow tree	Full	2018

4. Information on IAS pathways of introduction and spread, including an analysis to support the interpretation of IAS pathways as outlined by the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Title (with link to document)	Year produced
Guidance for interpretation of the CBD categories of pathways for the introduction of IAS	2020
Pathways for invasive alien wasps (Vespidae)	2021
Pathways for invasive alien ants	2021
Invasive alien flatworms: Threats posted and potential for phytosanitary measures	2021
Legal provisions on soil import	2023
Preventing the spread of IAS through the movement of topsoil, in particular in the context of large-scale infrastructure projects	2023

5: Brief factsheets on the distribution, impacts and management of IAS considered partly native to the European Union (therefore not of Union concern).

Species (with link to factsheet)	Common name	Year produced
Apis mellifera	European honey bee	2019
Arion vulgaris	Iberian slug	2020
Asterias rubens	Common starfish	2019
Bombus terrestris subsp. sassaricus	Bumblebee	2020
Centaurea diluta	North African knapweed	2019
Cercopagis pengoi	Fishhook waterflea	2019
Cordylophora caspia	European fouling hydroid	2019
Crocidura russula	Greater white-toothed shrew	2019
Dikerogammarus villosus	Killer shrimp	2019
Dreissena polymorpha	Zebra mussel	2019
Hemimysis anomala	Bloody red shrimp	2019
Lepus europaeus	European hare	2019
Myodes glareolus	Bank vole	2019
Natrix maura	Viperine snake	2019
Neogobius melanostomus	Round goby	2019
Oryctolagus cuniculus	European rabbit	2019
Pelophylax ridibundus	Eurasian marsh frog	2019
Podarcis siculus	Italian wall lizard	2019
Rumex alpinus	Monk’s rhubarb	2019
Silurus glanis	European catfish	2019
Telekia speciosa	Heart-leaved ox eye	2019
Thaumetopoea processiona	Oak processionary moth	2019

6: Materials for the assessment and dissemination of the humane management of vertebrate IAS of Union concern (produced in partnership with the UK Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), Eurogroup for Animals, European Alliance of Rescue Centres and Sanctuaries (EARS) and Newcastle University).

Title (with link to document)	Year produced
Manual for the management of vertebrate invasive alien species of Union concern – incorporating animal welfare.	2022
Appendices on management measures assessments	2022
Appendices on regional conditions	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Bulgarian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Croatian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Danish	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Dutch	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: English	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Estonian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: French	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: German	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Greek	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Hungarian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Italian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Latvian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Lithuanian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Polish	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Portuguese	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Romanian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Slovak	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Slovenian	2022
Brochure on the management of vertebrate IAS: Spanish	2022
Multi-language factsheets on the management of vertebrate IAS	2022
Database of case studies on the management of vertebrate IAS Global case studies from literature and EU case studies submitted by Member States	2022
Report on EU case studies submitted by Member States	2022

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